The use of electric bikes has spiked tremendously over the past few years in the USA because of their environmental friendliness and undeniable efficiency. Back in 2022, the US e-bike market reached almost $2B, and it was predicted to grow by another 15% by 2030.
The electric bike trend hasn’t gone unnoticed by the citizens of the Grand Canyon state, too. However, the Arizona bicycle laws that concern this type of electric motor vehicle remain a mystery to many. Our team will explain state and local laws that concern motor-powered bikes to promote cyclist safety on the road, as well as help them protect their rights in case of an accident.
Key Arizona E-Bike Laws
Recent statistics of bicycle crashes in Arizona highlight concerning trends among regular bikes. Although detailed crash data on e-bicycles across the state isn’t available, it is safe to assume that sticking by existing laws may save you the trouble of dealing with the physical, material, and legal consequences of an accident. So, here’s a list of the key Arizona ebike laws:
- There are various local regulations governing the use of e-bikes in Arizona.
- There are three main types of e-bicycles allowed in the state. Each type has a separate set of regulations applied to it.
- Proper training and gear are required to operate an electric bike legally and safely.
- Local jurisdictions may overrule statewide laws concerning electric bike use.
- An electric bike rider must be fully aware of existing insurance policies and penalties to operate the vehicle without any legal repercussions.
What Is the Legal Definition of an Electric Bike in Arizona?
The Arizona Statute describes electric bicycles as motor-driven cycles equipped with functional pedals designed to assist riders. Just like traditional bikes, these vehicles must remain operable when the motor is off. So, an electric bike is also different from electric scooters and mopeds.
There are three main classes of e-bikes allowed in the state. Each class has a set of technical requirements to comply with Arizona e-bike laws. These regulations apply to maximum speed and where and how the vehicles can be ridden.
What Are the Main Electric Bike Classes Legal in Arizona?
E-bikes can be much faster than non-electric bikes, which complicates their regulation. According to general Arizona law, an electric bike shouldn’t exceed 750 watts or one horsepower. In addition, it divides e-bikes into three major categories. Such an approach ensures full awareness of the vehicle’s distinctive features and functionality. Here’s an overview of these classes:
- Class 1: It is a type of electric bicycle equipped with a motor that only activates when the rider is pedaling. The electric motor ceases to provide assistance when the vehicle reaches a speed of 20 miles per hour.
- Class 2: It is a throttle-assist type of e-bike, which means that the vehicle remains active even when the rider does not push the pedals. However, the assistance stops when the electric bike reaches the 20-mph speed.
- Class 3: This type is very similar to the first one since it is also a pedal-assist vehicle. However, the difference lies in the speed the bike can develop. Class 3 bikes can go up to 28 mph before the electric motor shuts off. Because of higher speeds, such bikes may be limited on multi-use paths and have different age restrictions and helmet use requirements.
Can You Ride an Electric Bike Anywhere in Arizona?
Even though Arizona e-bike laws are quite flexible when it comes to riding an electric bike, there are a few important things to keep in mind. Depending on the classification of the electric bicycle, some locations may be off-limits for you.
- Bike lanes and roadways: You can use most roads or bike paths available for traditional bicycles when on an electric bike. However, local municipalities preserve the right to prohibit the use of Class 3 bicycles in certain areas. It is always a great idea to consult local ordinances before riding.
- Sidewalks: Class 3 e-bikes are primarily forbidden on multi-use trails designed for both cyclists and pedestrians.
- Parks and recreational zones: Class 1 and Class 2 bikes are allowed in the majority of parks and recreational areas. Restrictions usually concern Class 3 vehicles. However, the best way to figure out if you can ride through the area without potentially violating Arizona law is to check for signs that refer to electric motor vehicles.
- Off-road trails: For the most part, riding off-road on e-bikes is allowed. However, local ordinances may apply. In some cases, you may require a special permit to explore such trails. It is best to check the access conditions in the area beforehand.
Do You Need to Register and License an Electric Bike in Arizona?
Many people assume that since e-bikes have motor assistance, they must be registered, and the vehicle operator needs a license to ride them legally. However, according to the Arizona law, you don’t require either.
As long as your electric bicycle complies with existing requirements, that is, the motor power does not exceed 750 watts, and the speed limit does not go over 28 mph, you can ride around without any documentation. However, it is always a good idea to have an ID on you if you get into an accident.
Road Rules for Electric Bicycles in Arizona
For the most part, e-bike riders have the same rights and responsibilities as the rest of bicyclists. There may be class-related exceptions or additions, but those are determined locally. The main bicycle laws to keep in mind when riding an electric bike in the state are the following:
- Riders must abide by all traffic laws, lights, and signs.
- Bicycles must be equipped with appropriate headlights and reflectors to ensure proper visibility on the road.
- E-cyclists owe the right-of-way to pedestrians on sidewalks and crosswalks.
- Electric bike riders should use timely and correct hand signals to notify other road users about their intentions to change lanes or directions.
- Cyclists have to ride as close to the right side of the road as practicable. However, you should ride far enough from roadside debris, drain grates, potholes, and other potential obstacles.
- The law allows e-bike operators to ride two abreast.
Electric Bike Laws in Phoenix
The city of Phoenix has a few exceptional rules to abide by when riding an electric bike to avoid a citation.
- Speed limit: You should adjust the speed of your vehicle to the average speed of the rest of the traffic at the moment.
- Sidewalk riding: Even though the state law allows e-bikes on sidewalks, local ordinances prohibit such activities.
- Equipment requirements: Any electric bike must be equipped with functioning white-light headlights noticeable from a distance of 500 feet and red rear reflectors visible from 50 to 300 feet.
- Age restrictions: Riders younger than 16 years aren’t allowed to operate electric motor vehicles in the city.
- Fines: Violation of existing rules and regulations will result in a monetary penalty of $100.
Keep in mind, should you get involved in a traffic incident riding an e-bike in the city, it is always a great idea to consult a Phoenix bicycle accident lawyer on your rights and responsibilities to avoid unnecessary complications.
What Are the Helmet Requirements for E-Bikes in Arizona?
The statewide Arizona helmet law does not require riders to wear special protective gear when operating motor-powered bikes. However, considering the fact that e-cyclists are over 10% more likely to require hospitalization after an accident, it is advised to wear one.
Besides, you should always remember that rules tend to differ from county to county and even from city to city. Not wearing the required headgear at the time of a collision may affect your case, leading to a compensation that is less than the average Bicycle settlement in Arizona if local traffic laws demand a protective helmet.
What Are the Age Restrictions for E-Bike Riders in Arizona?
Just like in the case of helmet requirements, the state hasn’t imposed a general age restriction on e-bicyclists. Yet, not every jurisdiction deems e-bicycles safe for young riders.
Recent research shows that the 10-13-year-old age group is the most susceptible to e-bike injuries. Over 44% of injured e-cyclists fall under this category. That is why some municipalities across the state have active age restrictions.
City-Specific Restrictions in Arizona
The state laws regarding ebike usage aren’t particularly strict. However, local regulations across counties and cities may differ tremendously. For instance:
In Phoenix
E-bikes aren’t allowed on sidewalks in the city. The regulation is aimed at pedestrian protection since an electric bike operates at higher speeds and may cause serious damage when involved in a multi-use path incident.
At the same time, e-cyclists sharing the road with motorized vehicles face similar challenges. Keep in mind that if you’ve been in an accident, you can always use a bicycle accident damages calculator to get an approximate estimation of your case’s worth.
In Scottsdale
Since electric bikes are considered bicycles and not motorized vehicles, all laws regulating traditional bicycles apply to e-riders. Under Scottsdale law, riding under the influence is illegal. Besides, all riders under 18 years old must wear a protective helmet while operating such a vehicle.
In Tucson
The city of Tucson allows electric bicycles on all types of bike lanes and bike paths, including multi-use ones. Yet, there are two major conditions:
- No person under 16 rides such a vehicle.
- When using bike lanes, e-cyclists must ride under the 20 mph speed limit.
If you’re a cyclist who has been in an accident, call today for a free initial consult about your legal claim. We’re here to help with your legal questions. Contact our law firm for coast-to-coast bike accident and personal injury representation.
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Do I Need a License for Riding an E-Bike in Phoenix, AZ?
No, generally, you don’t need a license to operate an electric bike in Arizona. However, if your vehicle does not comply with the predefined e-bike standards approved by the state or local government, then you will have to register it and acquire a valid driver’s license.
What Are the Electric Bicycle Classes in Arizona?
There are three main classes of e-bikes in the state: Class 1, Class 2, and Class 3. Each class must be equipped with operable pedals and an electric motor that does not go over 750 watts. Speed limits are the same for Class 1 and Class 2 — 20 mph, while Class 3 is the fastest — 28 mph.
Can I Get Compensation After an Accident on an E-Bicycle?
Yes, you can recover a fair settlement after an electric bike accident in Arizona. Even if you are partially at fault for the incident, you are still eligible for rightful compensation. However, it might be reduced by the percentage of contributory fault assigned to you.
Since his academic days at the UC Berkeley School of Law, Robert Goldwater has remained a committed advocate for victims of other people’s negligence. His tort law background, together with his unquenchable thirst for justice, helped young Robert found a now-successful law firm – Bicycle Accident Lawyers Group, gathering same-minded and promising attorneys from all over the country.
